Monday, October 7, 2013

"Dangerous Happiness" Close Reading Lesson



Dangerous Happiness: Louisa May Alcott and the Mother of All Girls' Books

By Weisgall, Deborah
Magazine article from The American Prospect, Vol. 23, No. 6, July-August 2012
Article details

Christmas won't be Christmas without any presents, grumbled Jo, lying on the rug. This is how Louisa May Alcott begins Little Women. She wrote it in 1868, when she was 35, after months of urging by Thomas Niles, a Boston publisher who wanted a story for girls. She had not had much luck with a serious novel, she needed money, and it was part of a deal that her father, Bronson Alcott, had proposed. If Louisa said yes, Niles would agree to publish Bronson's philosophical treatise, Tablets. A dutiful daughter, she couldn't say no.

I know the novel by heart. I read it for the first time when I was nine years old; my father bought me a British edition of the first part--the original Little Women. (Good Wives, the second part, appeared just over six months later. In America, the two parts were immediately combined, but in England, they are still published separately.) We were living on a hill above Florence, Italy, but Concord, Massachusetts, where the story is set and where the Alcotts lived, became for me the most exotic town in the world.

The book begins on Christmas Eve during the Civil War. Four sisters sit in the parlor waiting for their adored mother to come home. I skipped over the illustrations because the girls were so vivid on the page that I knew exactly what they looked like. Jo sprawls on the floor like a boy, voicing a secular notion of Christmas: The day is an occasion for gifts, not worship. She is tantalizing and subversive; she flares with anger at the family's poverty. Jo's pretty older sister, Meg, only sighs at her shabby dress. Amy, the youngest, is peeved that she can't have every pretty thing she wants. Sweet Beth is the peacemaker: "We've got mother and father and each other."

"The characters were drawn from life," Louisa May Alcott later wrote to an acquaintance, and the book ebbs and flows between actual event and authorial desire. The novel records the anguish of Louisa's struggle to control her impatience and rash temper--a struggle she shared with her mother. In life, the family--Bronson and his wife, Abigail May, and their four daughters, Anna, Louisa, Elizabeth, and May--built a precarious fortress of love, duty, and pride around themselves. With her art, Louisa secured that stockade. She locked inside it her idealized family--and especially her father, whom she rendered saintly and benign for all the world to see.

Reading Little Women, I inhabited their fortress with them; the house in Concord was real to me and at the same time as magical and impossible as a fairy-tale castle. The March girls were the sisters and Marmee was the mother generations of readers wished we had, and we wished we had a next-door neighbor like Laurie, the handsome, musical, rich boy who becomes Jo's soul mate and partner in innocent crime. In Little Women, Louisa turned her family into an enduring symbol of tender domesticity.

But it is a household of women; Father is not there. Too old to fight, idealistic Mr. March has volunteered to serve in the Union Army as a chaplain. If he earns money, we don't hear about it, and we don't know what work Mrs. March does to make ends meet. Jo, a paid companion to her Aunt March, and Meg, a governess, bring home little, and how they can afford a housekeeper is never explained. The Marches end up celebrating Christmas morning with bread and milk because Mrs. March gives their holiday breakfast to an immigrant family even poorer than they are. Louisa knew her Charles Dickens. She improved upon A Christmas Carol, giving her scene an egalitarian, American moral. No condescending presents of roast goose here. This charity comes at a price to the giver.

Student Response Questions for Dangerous Happiness
1.    What was the reason that Louisa May Alcott wrote Little Women?
2.    How does the author of this article feel about the book Little Women? How do you know?
3.    Even though the author states that she skips over the illustrations when she read Little Women, what does she do to bring the characters to life?
4.    If a book is written so that a reader can visualize the characters in great detail, what does this suggest about the book?
5.    What are the similarities between the author Louisa May Alcott, and the main character Jo?
6.    How does Deb Weisgall describe the Alcott family? What characteristics do they have?
7.    Deb Weisgall writes, “She improved upon “A Christmas Carol”, giving her scene an egalitarian, American moral.  What does this statement mean? What is the author’s purpose?
8.    What does the author of this article, Deborah Weisgall, admire about the characters in Little Women? What does she say that others also admire?
9.    What themes/messages does Deborah Weisgall suggest using the comparison of Little Women to A Christmas Carol? What does the last line mean?



Close Reading Exemplar Lesson for “Dangerous Happiness”
Dangerous Happiness: Louisa May Alcott and the Mother of All Girls' Books
By Weisgall, Deborah
Magazine article from The American Prospect, Vol. 23, No. 6, July-August 2012
Article details

Lexile: 1010L
639 words
from a UD Lib Search



Close Reading Exemplar Lesson for “Dangerous Happiness”
Goals for the Lesson:  By reading this book commentary closely, discerning the point of view of the author, and discussing author’s purpose, the students will have an opportunity to think about why an author writes, and what impact a novel can have on readers throughout time.   The students will
·      Understand the relationship between writers experiences and their fictional writing
·      Make connections to self linking fictional writing to the author’s real life experiences
·      Make connections between the writer, the reader and the reflective commentary
·      Understand how good literature establishes universal themes
·      Articulate the chain of Ideas: life’s lessons conveyed from author’s life, to novel, to published novel, to reader, to critic, to mind of reader in memory for many years.

Content Standards
Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. CC8RI1
Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. CC8RI2
Analyze how a text makes connections among and distinctions between individuals, ideas, or events (e.g., through comparisons, analogies, or categories). CC8RI3
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including analogies or allusions to other texts. CC8RI4
Analyze in detail the structure of a specific paragraph in a text, including the role of particular sentences in developing and refining a key concept. CC8RI5
Determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how the author acknowledges and responds to conflicting evidence or viewpoints. CC8RI6
Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; recognize when irrelevant evidence is introduced. CC8RI8
By the end of the year, read and comprehend literary nonfiction at the high end of the grades 6-8 text complexity band independently and proficiently. CC8RI10







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